BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES
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The institute was established in its present form in 1964 with a vision to realize Jawaharlal Nehru’s project of nation-building with its emphasis on "science, technology and modernization." At that time, its transformation from a regional engineering college to a national university was backed by the Ford Foundation and G.D. Birla. MIT provided the technical assistance that was required for this transformation.
The institute has developed and administers the all-India computerized entrance test BITSAT (BITS Admission Test), which is the first of its kind in India. Acceptance rate in BITS is very low, less than 2.08% in 2007,making it one of the most selective universities in India. The admission is on the basis of merit (as assessed by the BITSAT examination) and not through any kind of reservation. The institute is privately supported and fully residential.
The institute has strong linkages with industry, as can be seen by its off-campus Work Integrated Learning Program (WILP) which enrolled 19,000 students from corporate enterprises in 2009. Practical experience in the industry is in the curriculum as a Practice School program, where students work with companies throughout India.
BITS has campuses in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (BITS, Pilani-Dubai), Goa, India (BITS-Pilani Goa), Hyderabad, India (BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus) and an extension center in Bangalore, India. Although the campuses are autonomous for the most part, the right to grant degrees rests with the main campus.] It is the first Indian institution to set up a campus outside India.
HISTORY
Aerial view, BITS Pilani (1978)
The institute can trace its origins to 1901, when Shiv Narainji Birla started a patshala (traditional Indian school) in Pilani with one teacher for educating his grandsons, GD Birla and RD Birla. In 1925-1929 the patshala became a high school. In 1929, the institute was founded by Ghanshyam Das Birla as an intermediate college. In 1943-1947, the Birla Education Trust was founded and the intermediate college was converted into a degree college and later on started postgraduate courses.During World War II, the government of India established a technical training center at Pilani, Rajasthan to train technicians for defence services and industry. In 1946, it was converted into the Birla Engineering College with degree programmes in electrical and mechanical engineering. The Masters programme in Electronics began in 1955.
In the 1950s, the first Indian Institute of Technology was set up by the Indian government to provide advanced engineering and scientific manpower to the Indian economy. Realizing that he needed better institutions to train highly skilled engineers for his own companies and others in the Indian economy, Ghanshyam Das Birla decided that
“ | his companies, and his country, needed a private IIT, and that MIT alone should provide the blueprint for the institute and train its faculty. | ” |
"transforming a lackluster complex of colleges supported by the Birla Education Trust, including the Birla Engineering College, into a worthy competitor of the IIT's."
On August 1965, the foundation approved a two-year, $1.45 million grant to MIT for developing BITS, with the expectation of a renewal as the project continued.Reacting to criticism about the project, Drew, now the head of the MIT advisory board, said:
“ | I do not believe [Birla] supposes or wants an American MIT set down in India. In my judgment to attempt to develop such an American institution in India would be like trying to graft apples on a pine tree. We have not been asked to make such an attempt. We were asked to help devise in India an Indian technological school to produce graduates with the know-how to produce knowledge pertinent for India…. In many respects they consider us immature, rude, hypocritical barbarians who in certain respects happened to hit it lucky. To be viable in India an institution must be framed with Indian values in mind. | ” |
In 1964, under the direction of the MIT advisory board, the Birla Colleges of Arts, Commerce, Engineering, Pharmacy and Science were merged to form the Birla Institute of Technology & Science. The board provided direction in developing a curriculum, selecting equipment, upgrading the library, and recruiting and training Indian faculty. After Drew reached mandatory retirement age, MIT electrical engineer David White was sent to head the committee for two years. To hasten the pace of reforms, he convinced Birla to hire C. R. Mitra, former head of Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, as the new Director of the institute. It was Mitra who pushed for a "practice school" internship program far more ambitious than anything MIT had done, as a requirement for all faculty and students. This Practice School Program is still a requirement for students in BITS.
BITS Pilani became a Deemed University established vide Sec. 3 of the UGC Act, 1956 under notification No. F.12-23/63.U-2 of June 18, 1964
Clock tower, BITS Pilani, present
According to Robert Kargon and Stuart Leslie:“ | BITS offered an opportunity [to the Ford Foundation and MIT] to build a leading technological university in India responsive to India’s goals, to produce practicing engineers who will be in a position to graduate and to build industries in India, under Indian conditions. With its emphasis on the Practice School and ties to Indian industry, it helped educate Indian industrialists along with Indian engineers who would remain in India, in contrast to many other engineering colleges in India, most of whose graduates would leave the country after obtaining their basic engineering education. The Ford Foundation Evaluators...proudly noted that the Indian government, despite having given no direct financial support, was looking to BITS to provide a model for future development in education in engineering and science in India. | ” |
Expansion into multiple campuses
Campuses Within India: Pilani, Goa, Hyderabad
In 1999, student capacity was expanded from 2500 to 4000. New campuses were established in Dubai (2000) and Goa, India (2004). In 2006, BITS Pilani acquired 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land from the Andhra Pradesh government through the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority for opening up a new campus. The land is located in Jawaharnagar, Shammerpet Mandal in Rangareddy district. The BITS Pilani Hyderabad, India campus started functioning in 2008. BITS runs a virtual university and an extension center in Bangalore.ADMISSIONS
Pilani, Goa and Hyderabad campuses
Total number of seats in BITS is 10000. Since 2005, admission to BITS campuses has been offered to students based on their performance in the all-India Entrance Examination, called BITS Admission Test (BITSAT). The test, for which the applications are usually invited in the month of December, exclusive to the BITS Pilani University, is conducted online and held in May and June in cities all over India. The exam tests the candidate's knowledge, reasoning and analytical abilities in English, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Logical reasoning, and is based on the higher secondary curriculum in India and abroad. To be eligible for admissions, prospective students are required to obtain a minimum aggregate of 80% marks in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (subject to a minimum of 60% in each of these three subjects) in their higher secondary examination. Toppers of higher secondary examinations of each single board are exempted from taking BITSAT test and are considered for direct admission.BITSAT differs from the conventional written examination as it is an online exam held at more than 20 places all over India.Dubai Campus
Admission to Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – Dubai is based on the marks secured on the 12th standard qualifying exam and no other entrance test. Though BITS Pilani-Dubai campus was set up to serve the educational requirements of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, admissions to the college are open to all nationalities.
Syllabus for BITSAT-2012
Part I: Physics | |
1. Units & Measurement | |
1.1 | Units (Different systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units) |
1.2 | Dimensional Analysis |
1.3 | Precision and significant figures |
1.4 | Fundamental measurements in Physics (Vernier calipers, screw gauge, Physical balance etc) |
2. Kinematics | |
2.1 | Properties of vectors |
2.2 | Position, velocity and acceleration vectors |
2.3 | Motion with constant acceleration |
2.4 | Projectile motion |
2.5 | Uniform circular motion |
2.6 | Relative motion |
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion | |
3.1 | Newton’s laws (free body diagram, resolution of forces) |
3.2 | Motion on an inclined plane |
3.3 | Motion of blocks with pulley systems |
3.4 | Circular motion – centripetal force |
3.5 | Inertial and non-inertial frames |
4. Impulse and Momentum | |
4.1 | Definition of impulse and momentum |
4.2 | Conservation of momentum |
4.3 | Collisions |
4.4 | Momentum of a system of particles |
4.5 | Center of mass |
5. Work and Energy | |
5.1 | Work done by a force |
5.2 | Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem |
5.3 | Power |
5.4 | Conservative forces and potential energy |
5.5 | Conservation of mechanical energy |
6. Rotational Motion | |
6.1 | Description of rotation (angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration) |
6.2 | Rotational motion with constant angular acceleration |
6.3 | Moment of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy |
6.4 | Torque and angular momentum |
6.5 | Conservation of angular momentum |
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6.6 | Rolling motion |
7. Gravitation | |
7.1 | Newton’s law of gravitation |
7.2 | Gravitational potential energy, Escape velocity |
7.3 | Motion of planets – Kepler’s laws, satellite motion |
8. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids | |
8.1 | Elasticity |
8.2 | Pressure, density and Archimedes’ principle |
8.3 | Viscosity and Surface Tension |
8.4 | Bernoulli’s theorem |
9. Oscillations | |
9.1 | Kinematics of simple harmonic motion |
9.2 | Spring mass system, simple and compound pendulum |
9.3 | Forced & damped oscillations, resonance |
10. Waves | |
10.1 | Progressive sinusoidal waves |
10.2 | Standing waves in strings and pipes |
10.3 | Superposition of waves, beats |
10.4 | Doppler Effect |
11. Heat and Thermodynamics | |
11.1 | Kinetic theory of gases |
11.2 | Thermal equilibrium and temperature |
11.3 | Specific heat, Heat Transfer - Conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Newton’s law of cooling |
11.4 | Work, heat and first law of thermodynamics |
11.5 | 2nd law of thermodynamics, Carnot engine – Efficiency and Coefficient of performance |
12. Electrostatics | |
12.1 | Coulomb’s law |
12.2 | Electric field (discrete and continuous charge distributions) |
12.3 | Electrostatic potential and Electrostatic potential energy |
12.4 | Gauss’ law and its applications |
12.5 | Electric dipole |
12.6 | Capacitance and dielectrics (parallel plate capacitor, capacitors in series and parallel) |
13. Current Electricity | |
13.1 | Ohm’s law, Joule heating |
13.2 | D.C circuits – Resistors and cells in series and parallel, Kirchoff’s laws, potentiometer and Wheatstone bridge, |
13.3 | Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, origin and temperature dependence of resistivity). |
14. Magnetic Effect of Current | |
14.1 | Biot-Savart’s law and its applications |
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14.2 | Ampere’s law and its applications |
14.3 | Lorentz force, force on current carrying conductors in a magnetic field |
14.4 | Magnetic moment of a current loop, torque on a current loop, Galvanometer and its conversion to voltmeter and ammeter |
15. Electromagnetic Induction | |
15.1 | Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, eddy currents |
15.2 | Self and mutual inductance |
15.3 | Transformers and generators |
15.4 | Alternating current (peak and rms value) |
15.5 | AC circuits, LCR circuits |
16. Optics | |
16.1 | Laws of reflection and refraction |
16.2 | Lenses and mirrors |
16.3 | Optical instruments – telescope and microscope |
16.4 | Interference – Huygen’s principle, Young’s double slit experiment |
16.5 | Interference in thin films |
16.6 | Diffraction due to a single slit |
16.7 | Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (only qualitative ideas), Electromagnetic spectrum |
16.8 | Polarization – states of polarization, Malus’ law, Brewster’s law |
17. Modern Physics | |
17.1 | Dual nature of light and matter – Photoelectric effect, De Broglie wavelength |
17.2 | Atomic models – Rutherford’s experiment, Bohr’s atomic model |
17.3 | Hydrogen atom spectrum |
17.4 | Radioactivity |
17.5 | Nuclear reactions : Fission and fusion, binding energy |
Part II: Chemistry | |
1. States of Matter | |
1.1 | Measurement: Physical quantities and SI units, Dimensional analysis, Precision, Significant figures. |
1.2 | Chemical reactions: Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept; Atomic, molecular and molar masses; Percentage composition empirical & molecular formula; Balanced chemical equations & stoichiometry |
1.3 | Gaseous state: Gas Laws, Kinetic theory – Maxwell distribution of velocities, Average, root mean square and most probable velocities and relation to temperature, Diffusion; Deviation from ideal behaviour – Critical temperature, Liquefaction of gases, van der Waals equation. |
1.4 | Liquid state: Vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity. |
1.5 | Solid state: Classification; Space lattices & crystal systems; Unit cell – Cubic & hexagonal systems; Close packing; Crystal structures: Simple AB and AB2 type ionic crystals, covalent crystals – diamond & graphite, metals. Imperfections- Point defects, non-stoichiometric crystals; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties; Amorphous solids – qualitative description. |
2. Atomic Structure | |
2.1 | Introduction: Radioactivity, Subatomic particles; Atomic number, isotopes and isobars, Rutherford’s picture of atom; Hydrogen atom spectrum and Bohr model. |
2.2 | Quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality – de Broglie relation, Uncertainty principle; Hydrogen atom: Quantum numbers and wavefunctions, atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p, and d), Spin quantum |
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number. | |
2.3 | Many electron atoms: Pauli exclusion principle; Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, Hund’s rule. |
2.4 | Periodicity: Periodic law and the modern periodic table; Types of elements: s, p, d, and f blocks; Periodic trends: ionization energy, atomic and ionic radii, electron affinity, electro negativity and valency. |
3. Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure | |
3.1 | Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber cycle; Covalent character of ionic bonds and polar character of covalent bond |
3.2 | Molecular Structure: Lewis picture & resonance structures, VSEPR model & molecular shapes |
3.3 | Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital overlap, Directionality of bonds & hybridization (s, p & d orbitals only), Resonance; Molecular orbital theory- Methodology, Orbital energy level diagram, Bond order, Magnetic properties for homonuclear diatomic species. |
3.4 | Metallic Bond: Qualitative description. |
3.5 | Intermolecular Forces: Polarity; Dipole moments; Hydrogen Bond. |
4. Thermodynamics | |
4.1 | Basic Concepts: Systems and surroundings; State functions; Intensive & Extensive Properties; Zeroth Law and Temperature |
4.2 | First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, internal energy, heat, enthalpy, heat capacities; Enthalpies of formation, phase transformation, ionization, electron gain; Thermochemistry; Hess’s Law. Bond dissociation, combustion, atomization, sublimation, dilution |
4.3 | Second Law: Spontaneous and reversible processes; entropy; Gibbs free energy related to spontaneity and non-mechanical work; Standard free energies of formation, free energy change and chemical equilibrium |
4.4 | Third Law: Introduction |
5. Physical and Chemical Equilibria | |
5.1 | Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molarity, and Molality |
5.2 | Solutions: Solubility of solids and gases in liquids, Vapour Pressure, Raoult’s law, Relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression in freezing point; elevation in boiling point; osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass; solid solutions. |
5.3 | Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Surface chemistry, Adsorption, Physical and Chemical adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Colloids and emulsion, classification, preparation, uses. |
5.4 | Chemical Equilibria: Equilibrium constants (KP, KC), Le-Chatelier’s principle. |
5.5 | Ionic Equilibria: Strong and Weak electrolytes, Acids and Bases (Arrhenius, Lewis, Lowry and Bronsted) and their dissociation; Ionization of Water; pH; Buffer solutions; Acid-base titrations; Hydrolysis; Solubility Product of Sparingly Soluble Salts; Common Ion Effect. |
5.6 | Factors Affecting Equilibria: Concentration, Temperature, Pressure, Catalysts, Significance of G and G0 in Chemical Equilibria. |
6. Electrochemistry | |
6.1 | Redox Reactions: Oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transfer concept); Oxidation number; Balancing of redox reactions; Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Electrode potentials; EMF of Galvanic cells; Nernst equation; Factors affecting the electrode potential; Gibbs energy change and cell potential; Secondary cells; Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention. |
6.2 | Electrolytic Conduction: Electrolytic Conductance; Specific and molar conductivities; Kolhrausch’s Law and its application, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Coulometer; Electrode potential and electrolysis, Commercial production of the chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, Cl2 & F2. |
7. Chemical Kinetics | |
7.1 | Aspects of Kinetics: Rate and Rate expression of a reaction; Rate constant; Order and molecularity of |
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the reaction; Integrated rate expressions and half life for zero and first order reactions. | |
7.2 | Factor Affecting the Rate of the Reactions: Concentration of the reactants, size of particles; Temperature dependence of rate constant; Activation energy; Catalysis, Surface catalysis, enzymes, zeolites; Factors affecting rate of collisions between molecules. |
7.3 | Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary reactions; Complex reactions; Reactions involving two/three steps only. |
8. Hydrogen and s-block elements | |
8.1 | Hydrogen: Element: unique position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes; Dihydrogen: preparation, properties, reactions, and uses; Molecular, saline, interstitial hydrides; Water: Properties; Structure and aggregation of water molecules; Heavy water; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as a fuel. |
8.2 | s-block elements: Abundance and occurrence; Anomalous properties of the first elements in each group; diagonal relationships. |
8.3 | Alkali metals: Lithium, sodium and potassium: occurrence, extraction, reactivity, and electrode potentials; Biological importance; Reactions with oxygen, hydrogen, halogens and liquid ammonia; Basic nature of oxides and hydroxides; Halides; Properties and uses of compounds such as NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCl, and KOH. |
8.4 | Alkaline earth metals: Magnesium and calcium: Occurrence, extraction, reactivity and electrode potentials; Reactions with non-metals; Solubility and thermal stability of oxo salts; Biological importance; Properties and uses of important compounds such as CaO, Ca(OH)2, plaster of Paris, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4; Lime and limestone, cement. |
9. p- d- and f-block elements | |
9.1 | General: Abundance, distribution, physical and chemical properties, isolation and uses of elements; Trends in chemical reactivity of elements of a group;. |
9.2 | Group 13 elements: Boron; Properties and uses of borax, boric acid, boron hydrides & halides. Reaction of aluminum with acids and alkalis; |
9.3 | Group 14 elements: Carbon: Uses, Allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), oxides, halides and sulphides, carbides; Silicon: Silica, silicates, silicone, silicon tetrachloride, Zeolites. |
9.4 | Group 15 elements: Dinitrogen; Reactivity and uses of nitrogen and its compounds; Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation; Ammonia: Haber’s process, properties and reactions; Oxides of nitrogen and their structures; Ostwald’s process of nitric acid production; Fertilizers – NPK type; Production of phosphorus; Allotropes of phosphorus; Preparation, structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids and halides of phosphorus. |
9.5 | Group 16 elements: Isolation and chemical reactivity of dioxygen; Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides; Preparation, structure and properties of ozone; Allotropes of sulphur; Production of sulphur and sulphuric acid; Structure and properties of oxides, oxoacids, hydrides and halides of sulphur. |
9.6 | Group 17 and group 18 elements: Structure and properties of hydrides, oxides, oxoacids of chlorine; Inter halogen compounds; Bleaching Powder; Preparation, structure and reactions of xenon fluorides, oxides, and oxoacids. |
9.7 | d-Block elements: General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements; Metallic character; Oxidation state; Ionic radii; Catalytic properties; Magnetic properties; Interstitial compounds; Occurrence and extraction of iron, copper, silver, zinc, and mercury; Alloy formation; Steel and some important alloys; preparation and properties of CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, Mercury halides; Silver nitrate and silver halides; Photography. |
9.8 | f-Block elements: Lanthanoids and actinoids; Oxidation states and chemical reactivity of lanthanoids compounds; Lanthanide contraction; Comparison of actinoids and lanthanoids. |
9.9 | Coordination Compounds: Coordination number; Ligands; Werner’s coordination theory; IUPAC nomenclature; Application and importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems e.g. chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and hemoglobin); Bonding: Valence-bond approach, Crystal field theory (qualitative); Stability constants; Shapes, color and magnetic properties; Isomerism including stereoisomerisms; Organometallic compounds. |
10. Principles of Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons | |
10.1 | Classification: Based on functional groups, trivial and IUPAC nomenclature. |
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10.2 | Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation; free radicals; carbocations, carbanions, nucleophiles and electrophiles; types of organic reactions. |
10.3 | Alkanes and cycloalkanes: Structural isomerism and general properties. |
10.4 | Alkenes and alkynes: General methods of preparation and reactions, physical properties, electrophilic and free radical additions, acidic character of alkynes and (1,2 and 1,4) addition to dienes. |
10.5 | Aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources; Properties; Isomerism; Resonance delocalization; polynuclear hydrocarbons; mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, directive influence and effect of substituents on reactivity. |
10.6 | Haloalkanes and haloarenes: Physical properties, chemical reactions. Uses and environmental effects; di, tri, tetrachloromethanes, iodoform, freon and DDT. |
10.7 | Petroleum: Composition and refining, uses of petrochemicals. |
11. Stereochemistry | |
11.1 | Introduction: Chiral molecules; Optical activity; Polarimetry; R,S and D,L configurations; Fischer projections; Enantiomerism; Racemates; Diastereomerism and meso structures. |
11.2 | Conformations: Ethane conformations; Newman and Sawhorse projections. |
11.3 | Geometrical isomerism in alkenes |
12. Organic Compounds with Functional Groups Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen | |
12.1 | General: Electronic structure, important methods of preparation, important reactions and physical properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, amines, diazonium salts, cyanides and isocyanides. |
12.2 | Specific: Effect of substituents on alpha-carbon on acid strength, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives, basic character of amines methods of preparation, and their separation, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry. |
13. Biological , Industrial and Environmental chemistry | |
13.1 | The Cell: Concept of cell and energy cycle. |
13.2 | Carbohydrates: Classification; Monosaccharides; Structures of pentoses and hexoses; Anomeric carbon; Mutarotation; Simple chemical reactions of glucose, Disaccharides: reducing and non-reducing sugars – sucrose, maltose and lactose; Polysaccharides: elementary idea of structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen. |
13.3 | Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide bond; Polypeptides; Primary structure of proteins; Simple idea of secondary , tertiary and quarternary structures of proteins; Denaturation of proteins and enzymes. |
13.4 | Nucleic Acids: Types of nucleic acids; Primary building blocks of nucleic acids (chemical composition of DNA & RNA); Primary structure of DNA and its double helix; Replication; Transcription and protein synthesis; Genetic code. |
13.5 | Vitamins: Classification, structure, functions in biosystems; Hormones |
13.6 | Polymers: Classification of polymers; General methods of polymerization; Molecular mass of polymers; Biopolymers and biodegradable polymers; Free radical, cationic and anionic addition polymerizations; Copolymerization: Natural rubber; Vulcanization of rubber; Synthetic rubbers. Condensation polymers. |
13.7 | Pollution: Environmental pollutants; soil, water and air pollution; Chemical reactions in atmosphere; Smog; Major atmospheric pollutants; Acid rain; Ozone and its reactions; Depletion of ozone layer and its effects; Industrial air pollution; Green house effect and global warming; Green Chemistry. |
13.8 | Chemicals in medicine, health-care and food: Analgesics, Tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, anti-microbials, anti-fertility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids; Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants, soaps and detergents. |
14. Theoretical Principles of Experimental Chemistry | |
14.1 | Volumetric Analysis: Principles; Standard solutions of sodium carbonate and oxalic acid; Acid-base titrations; Redox reactions involving KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3and H2S; Potassium permanganate in acidic, basic and neutral media; Titrations of oxalic acid, ferrous ammonium sulphate with KMnO4, K2 Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3. |
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14.2 | Qualitative analysis of Inorganic Salts: Principles in the determination of the cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the anions CO32-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-. |
14.3 | Physical Chemistry Experiments: preparation and crystallization of alum, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, double salt of alum and ferrous sulphate, potassium ferric sulphate; Temperature vs. solubility; pH measurements; Lyophilic and lyophobic sols; Dialysis; Role of emulsifying agents in emulsification. Equilibrium studies involving (i) ferric and thiocyanate ions (ii) [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions; Enthalpy determination for (i) strong acid vs. strong base neutralization reaction (ii) hydrogen bonding interaction between acetone and chloroform; Rates of the reaction between (i) sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, (ii) potassium iodate and sodium sulphite (iii) iodide vs. hydrogen peroxide, concentration and temperature effects in these reactions. |
14.4 | Purification Methods: Filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Principles of melting point and boiling point determination; principles of paper chromatographic separation – Rf values. |
14.5 | Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous and halogens; Detection of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in foodstuff; Detection of alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, amino groups and unsaturation. |
14.6 | Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds: Basic principles for the quantitative estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogen, sulphur and phosphorous; Molecular mass determination by silver salt and chloroplatinate salt methods; Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae. |
14.7 | Principles of Organic Chemistry Experiments: Preparation of iodoform, acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, di-benzayl acetone, aniline yellow, beta-naphthol; Preparation of acetylene and study of its acidic character. |
Part III: (a) English Proficiency and (b) Logical Reasoning | |
(a) English Proficiency This test is designed to assess the test takers’ general proficiency in the use of English language as a means of self-expression in real life situations and specifically to test the test takers’ knowledge of basic grammar, their vocabulary, their ability to read fast and comprehend, and also their ability to apply the elements of effective writing. | |
1. Grammar | |
1.1 | Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel construction, Relative pronouns |
1.2 | Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives |
1.3 | Voice, Transformation |
1.4 | Question tags, Phrasal verbs |
2. Vocabulary | |
2.1 | Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Word, One Word, Jumbled letters, Homophones, Spelling |
2.2 | Contextual meaning. |
2.3 | Analogy |
3. Reading Comprehension | |
3.1 | Content/ideas |
3.2 | Vocabulary |
3.3 | Referents |
3.4 | Idioms/Phrases |
3.5 | Reconstruction (rewording) |
4. Composition | |
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4.1 | Rearrangement |
4.2 | Paragraph Unity |
4.3 | Linkers/Connectives |
(b) Logical Reasoning The test is given to the candidates to judge their power of reasoning spread in verbal and nonverbal areas. The candidates should be able to think logically so that they perceive the data accurately, understand the relationships correctly, figure out the missing numbers or words, and to apply rules to new and different contexts. These indicators are measured through performance on such tasks as detecting missing links, following directions, classifying words, establishing sequences, and completing analogies. | |
5. Verbal Reasoning | |
5.1 | Analogy Analogy means correspondence. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. |
5.2 | Classification Classification means to assort the items of a given group on the basis of certain common quality they possess and then spot the odd option out. |
5.3 | Series Completion Here series of numbers or letters are given and one is asked to either complete the series or find out the wrong part in the series. |
5.4 | Logical Deduction – Reading Passage Here a brief passage is given and based on the passage the candidate is required to identify the correct or incorrect logical conclusions. |
5.5 | Chart Logic Here a chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asks to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart / table or in the question. |
6. Nonverbal Reasoning | |
6.1 | Pattern Perception Here a certain pattern is given and generally a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives. |
6.2 | Figure Formation and Analysis The candidate is required to analyze and form a figure from various given parts. |
6.3 | Paper Cutting It involves the analysis of a pattern that is formed when a folded piece of paper is cut into a definite design. |
6.4 | Figure Matrix In this more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix, all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure. |
6.5 | Rule Detection Here a particular rule is given and it is required to select from the given sets of figures, a set of figures, which obeys the rule and forms the correct series. |
Part IV: Mathematics | |
1. Algebra | |
1.1 | Complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, roots of complex numbers, geometric interpretations; |
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Fundamental theorem of algebra. | |
1.2 | Theory of Quadratic equations, quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions, relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, equations reducible to quadratic equations. |
1.3 | Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, arithmetico-geometric series, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. |
1.4 | Logarithms and their properties. |
1.5 | Exponential series. |
1.6 | Permutations and combinations, Permutations as an arrangement and combination as selection, simple applications. |
1.7 | Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients, Pascal’s triangle |
1.8 | Matrices and determinants of order two or three, properties and evaluation of determinants, addition and multiplication of matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrices, Solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables, elementary row and column operations of matrices, |
1.9 | Sets, Relations and Functions, algebra of sets applications, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto mappings, composition of mappings, binary operation, inverse of function, functions of real variables like polynomial, modulus, signum and greatest integer. |
1.10 | Mathematical Induction |
1.11 | Linear Inequalities, solution of linear inequalities in one and two variables. |
2. Trigonometry | |
2.1 | Measurement of angles in radians and degrees, positive and negative angles, trigonometric ratios, functions and identities. |
2.2 | Solution of trigonometric equations. |
2.3 | Properties of triangles and solutions of triangles |
2.4 | Inverse trigonometric functions |
2.5 | Heights and distances |
3. Two-dimensional Coordinate Geometry | |
3.1 | Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. |
3.2 | Straight lines and pair of straight lines: Equation of straight lines in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line, lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrent lines. |
3.3 | Circles and family of circles : Equation of circle in various form, equation of tangent, normal & chords, parametric equations of a circle , intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of circle through point of intersection of two circles, conditions for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal. |
3.4 | Conic sections : parabola, ellipse and hyperbola their eccentricity, directrices & foci, parametric forms, equations of tangent & normal, conditions for y=mx+c to be a tangent and point of tangency. |
4. Three dimensional Coordinate Geometry | |
4.1 | Co-ordinate axes and co-ordinate planes, distance between two points, section formula, direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space and skew lines. |
4.2 | Angle between two lines whose direction ratios are given, shortest distance between two lines. |
4.3 | Equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, condition for coplanarity of three lines, angles between two planes, angle between a line and a plane. |
5. Differential calculus | |
5.1 | Domain and range of a real valued function, Limits and Continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiability. |
5.2 | Derivative of different types of functions (polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, |
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exponential, logarithmic, implicit functions), derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule. | |
5.3 | Geometric interpretation of derivative, Tangents and Normals. |
5.4 | Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of a function. |
5.5 | Rolle’s Theorem, Mean Value Theorem and Intermediate Value Theorem. |
6. Integral calculus | |
6.1 | Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions. |
6.2 | Methods of integration: Integration by substitution, Integration by parts, integration by partial fractions, and integration by trigonometric identities. |
6.3 | Definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus, applications in finding areas under simple curves. |
6.4 | Application of definite integrals to the determination of areas of regions bounded by simple curves. |
7. Ordinary Differential Equations | |
7.1 | Order and degree of a differential equation, formulation of a differential equation whole general solution is given, variables separable method. |
7.2 | Solution of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree |
7.3 | Linear first order differential equations |
8. Probability | |
8.1 | Various terminology in probability, axiomatic and other approaches of probability, addition and multiplication rules of probability. |
8.2 | Conditional probability, total probability and Baye’s theorem |
8.3 | Independent events |
8.4 | Discrete random variables and distributions with mean and variance. |
9. Vectors | |
9.1 | Direction ratio/cosines of vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. |
9.2 | Dot and cross products of two vectors, projection of a vector on a line. |
9.3 | Scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations. |
10. Statistics | |
10.1 | Measures of dispersion |
10.2 | Measures of skewness and Central Tendency, Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances |
11.Linear Programming | |
11.1 | Various terminology and formulation of linear Programming |
11.2 | Solution of linear Programming using graphical method, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (upto three nonitrivial constraints) |
Test Format: BITSAT-2012 will be of total 3-hour duration (without break). The test consists of four parts: Part I : Physics Part II : Chemistry Part III : (a) English Proficiency and (b) Logical Reasoning Part IV : Mathematics
All questions are of objective type (multiple choice questions); each question with choice of four answers, only one being correct choice. Each correct answer fetches 3 marks, while each incorrect answer has a penalty of 1 mark (-1mark). No marks are awarded for questions not attempted. While the candidate can skip a question, the computer
will not allow the candidate to choose more than one option as correct answer. There will be 150 questions in all. The number of questions in each part is as follows:
Subject | No of questions | ||
Part I | Physics | 40 | |
Part II | Chemistry | 40 | |
Part III | (a) English Proficiency (b) Logical Reasoning | 15 10 | |
Part IV | Mathematics | 45 | |
Total: | 150 | ||
There is no time limit for individual parts of the test. The candidate can go back and change any of his/her answers among the 150 questions. If a candidate answers all the 150 questions (without skipping any question), the candidate will have an option of attempting 12 (twelve) extra questions, if there is still time left. These extra questions will be from Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics only; four questions from each part. Further, once the candidate has opted for extra questions, he cannot go back for correction of any of the earlier answered 150 questions. The questions are so designed that a good student will be able to answer 150 questions in 180 minutes. The extra questions (a maximum of 12) will give a chance to highly meritorious candidates to score higher. However, candidates should keep in mind the fact that there is negative marking for wrong answers and any attempt to answer the questions by pure guessing of the answers is not likely to have any advantage, but may result in a reduction in the total score.
The questions will be selected at random from a large question bank. Different candidates will get different question sets. An expert committee will ensure that the question sets are of comparable difficulty level, content, question type etc. In this matter, the decision of the expert committee will be final and binding on the candidate.
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